Dragon Children: Identifying the Causal Effect of the First Child on Female Labor Supply with the Chinese Lunar Calendar
نویسنده
چکیده
Instrumental variables (IV) estimates of the effect of fertility on female labor supply have only been able to identify the causal effect of second and higherparity children. This study uses exogenous variation in fertility caused by the Chinese lunar calendar to identify the effect of the first child. Additionally, weighting formulas are presented to interpret IV estimates as weighted average treatment effects in the case of multiple endogenous variables, which are useful when children vary in intensity by both number and age. The effect of the first child is found to be much greater than that of other children. (JEL J13, J22)
منابع مشابه
Gender and the Factors Affecting Child Labor in Iran: an Application of IV-TOBIT Model
In this paper we first intend to examine the probability of falling into the realm of child labor by using conditional probability theorem. Furthermore, we will compare the extent of each factor’s effect on boys and girls using a TOBIT regression model. Finally we will analyze aspects of Iran’s labor market to assess the future ahead of the children who work at present. As the results will show...
متن کاملChild Costs and the Causal Effect of Fertility on Female Labor Supply: An investigation for Indonesia 1993-2008∗
Over the last two decades Indonesia has experienced a significant decline in fertility rates and substantial increases in the level of education of women. Despite this development female labor force participation rates have remained roughly constant throughout this period. This paper explores the causes for the seeming unresponsiveness of female labor supply to changes in fertility. The empiric...
متن کاملThe Effect of a First Child on Female Labor Supply: Evidence from Women Seeking Fertility Services
Estimating the causal effect of a first child on female labor supply is complicated by the endogeneity of the fertility decision. That is, factors that trigger the decision to have a first child could also affect baseline labor supply; empirical approaches that do not account for this difficulty will yield biased estimates. This paper addresses this problem by focusing on a sample of women from...
متن کاملبررسی تأثیر وضعیت‌های مختلف کره ماه در رخداد خودکشی، تصادفات رانندگی و بحرانهای روانی
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of moon phases on suicides, car accidents, and psychic crises. The data were obtained from archives of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Traffic Office, and Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 808 suicide cases and 6301 cases of city car accidents in 1989, and 3632 cases admitted to psychiatric hospital during the yea...
متن کاملنقش و مفهوم اژدها در بافته های ایران و چین با تأکید بر دوره صفوی ایران و اواخر دوره مینگ و اوایل چینگ چین
The Iranian textures in the Safavid era are associated with some phenomena such as symbolism and myth. These textures contain some motifs that indicate the beliefs and ideas of the Iranian people, and these motifs have preserved the concepts over time. The dragon is one of these symbolic motifs whose presence can be traced back to the oldest literary sources in Iran's history. Dragon is referre...
متن کامل